Field Hockey: team formation

The Super Shot has created a strategic dilemma that every shooter faces multiple times per quarter: take the two-goal attempt from range, or work the ball closer for a higher-percentage standard shot?

The answer isn't always obvious. The wrong decision - in either direction - costs goals. The best shooters develop a framework for making this choice under pressure, quickly and consistently.

The Expected Value Calculation

At its simplest, shot selection is a maths problem. Expected value equals probability of success multiplied by reward.

Super Shot example: A 50% shooter from the Super Shot zone has an expected value of 1.0 goals per attempt (0.5 x 2).

Standard shot example: An 85% shooter from under the post has an expected value of 0.85 goals per attempt (0.85 x 1).

In this scenario, the Super Shot is mathematically superior despite the lower percentage. The threshold varies by shooter, but generally: if your Super Shot percentage exceeds 42.5% of your standard percentage, the Super Shot has higher expected value.

Beyond the Maths

Pure expected value ignores important context. Several factors should influence shot selection:

Game State

Down by 6 with 2 minutes left? Aggressive Super Shot hunting is necessary - you need multiple two-goal swings to catch up. Up by 4 with 90 seconds remaining? Conservative standard shots protect the lead without gifting turnovers.

Time on the Clock

Early in Power 5, there's time to work the ball and create better opportunities. With 30 seconds left, a clean Super Shot look might be your last chance to score twice.

Defender Position

A Super Shot with no defender pressure is different from one with hands in your face. Read the defence before committing to range.

Rebounding Setup

If your GA is well-positioned for an offensive rebound, a Super Shot miss has a safety net. If not, the turnover risk increases.

The Decision Framework

Train your shooters to ask three questions before every shot during Power 5:

1. Am I balanced? A rushed or off-balance Super Shot rarely goes in. If you're not set, work closer or reset the attack.

2. What's the defence giving me? Tight defence at the edge suggests working inside. A defender who sags offers a cleaner Super Shot look.

3. What does the game need? Does the scoreboard demand risk, or reward patience? Make the decision that serves the team, not your stats.

Recognising Good vs Bad Super Shot Opportunities

Good Super Shot opportunity:

  • Clean catch in the zone with time to set
  • Defender more than arm's length away
  • Balanced stance, comfortable body position
  • Support positioned for potential rebound

Bad Super Shot opportunity:

  • Catching on the move or off-balance
  • Tight defensive pressure on the release
  • Rushed attempt with defender closing
  • No rebound support, high turnover risk

Training Shot Selection

Decision drills. Coach feeds ball to shooter in Super Shot zone with varied defensive pressure. Shooter must call "shot" or "work" instantly. Rewards for correct decisions based on pre-defined criteria.

Game state scenarios. Set up specific situations - down 4 with 1 minute left, up 2 with 3 minutes remaining - and let shooters practice decision-making in context.

Video review. Analyse Super Shot attempts from training and matches. Was the decision correct? Was the execution the problem, or the choice?

Team-Level Strategy

Shot selection shouldn't be purely individual. Teams should develop guidelines:

  • Which shooter has the best Super Shot percentage? She gets priority on long-range attempts.
  • At what score margin do we become aggressive/conservative with Super Shots?
  • When do we deliberately work for Super Shot opportunities vs standard shots?

These guidelines reduce decision burden on individuals and create consistency across the team.

The Discipline to Pass Up Shots

Perhaps the hardest skill is passing up a Super Shot opportunity that looks tempting but isn't optimal. Shooters are trained to shoot - resisting that instinct requires discipline.

Frame it positively: passing up a 35% Super Shot for an 80% standard shot isn't weakness - it's smart netball. The best shooters have the confidence to decline bad opportunities.

Evolving Your Approach

Track your shooters' conversion rates from different zones. The data should inform decision-making. If a shooter converts 60% from range, she should be hunting Super Shots. If she's at 30%, she should be more selective.

This data also helps opponents scout you. Vary your approach to remain unpredictable while staying within expected value guidelines.

Shot selection in the Super Shot era is a skill that separates good shooters from great ones. Train it deliberately, review it constantly, and trust the framework when the pressure is on.

Where to Go Next

Ready to improve your shooters' technique and decision-making? Explore our shooting drills and session plans:

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team formation ANSWERS
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Hockey Sixes - looking for a good training programme?

I am preparing a team of boys for a six-a-side outdoor tournament. Any advice on a good training programme and the core skills to be worked on? Suggestions on set pieces and team formation would be helpful indeed.

Archived User Coach

Playing a team who is beating every other team 10-0

Playing a team who is beating every other team 10+ 0 each game. Is there a defensive formation we could adopt to be competitive ?

Grant Hunt Coach, United Kingdom

FORMATION HELP NEEDED!

FORMATION HELP NEEDED! What formation would be suitable for a mixed gender team aged 16-18!? Most of the players have not played anything other then 442, but i want to attack with 3 forwards. any suggestions?

Archived User Coach

Is there an application on sportplan to select a team?

Is there an application on sportplan to select a team from a squad of players and organise the formation of the players selected?

Archived User Coach

Presses

Would anybody like to give me a diagram of 3/4 press and half court please ?

Simon Lowry Coach, Ireland

Playing 1,2,3,5 formation - connecting?

I am coaching 1,2,3,5 formation in an U16 Girls team but I am having trouble getting my Halfbacks connecting with my Inside Forwards - Any suggestions

Glenn Hutchinson Coach, Australia

Looking for a 6-a good side hockey formation?

I am looking for 6 a side hockey formations. We have been playing 3-1-1-1. Worked very well, however sweeper was so good, goalie never touched the ball. I want to move sweeper to goalie/ sweeper but our mid field player is too good to just play right. What to do? 2-2-1-1 or 1-3-1-1?     

Archived User Coach

How to bring a team together?

I coach a team of U18 Boys. The team consists of the typical skill level variations but we manage that by modifying the formation to support those that need support. The team has performed well and they are on the top of the ladder. We are half way through the season and there seems to be more individualism in the team than I would have liked. Some of our more skilled players are failing to utilise the entire team which has a negative impact on the game plan. What strategies do you suggest we engage to bring the team together for the run to the finals?

Archived User Coach

I would like to get the PDF file for the formation 5-3-2

when looking at the formation 5-3-2 I would like to get the responsibilities PDF file

Brenda Strohmer Coach, United States of America

What position should I play my weaker players?

Hi Im new to coaching hockey want to know what position do I play some of my weaker players without them losing interest and there confidence.

Archived User Coach

Protecting a lead, tactics and suggestions?

Hello,Does anyone have any tactics/suggestions to use when trying to protect a lead? My team were 2-0 on Saturday, and although we ended up winning the match 3-2, we'd obviously still prefer not to concede!Thanks.

Archived User Coach

Field positioning- how to get youngsters to play their position

How do I get young hockey players to learn to play in their positions? I often tell them what their position details are but they never seem to stick to their positions and end up bunching Asked using Sportplan Mobile App

Storm Wilson Coach, South Africa

Alternate / complementary formation suggestions to 4-3-3?

Hi, last season after asking here, we played the 4-3-3 formation. We took the field in this formation and played the whole game this way. This worked really well for us last season, we got promoted and finished 3rd in our new grade. However we came unstuck in the semi finals where the team we were playing identified what we were doing and played the same formation against us in the second half, leaving us unable to make any inroads for the remainder of the game.Our team is from a small school, made up of year 7-13 boys playing against larger schools of year 9-13 boys, though i would guess we played against teams at the older end of the range. We can't match others teams in age & size or depth of experience yet, so we must play smarter.What are possible alternative formations and how would the team identify the need to switch between formations?David Smith

David Smith Coach, New Zealand

School Hockey

hello everyone.i would like some advice on the following: I coach a mixed u19 and u16 team because i do not have enough players. players always have excuses for training so i can never practice set pieces. I have a strong backline, strong CL and CF but that is it.. none of my players play in a form, i have practiced 2vs1 and passing to a player and receiving again whilst going forward a hundred times... my u16s have very little knowledge of the game and skills. my u19s are more experience.

Elrika Coach, South Africa

PDF link doesn't work?

For some reason, I am unable to open the pdf, just send me back to the homepage? Is there a new link for this as this would be perfect to help me introduce this formation to my team. Any help would be appreciated.

Jack Coach, England

best formation

what is the best formation

Afaf Younas Coach, United Kingdom

Midfield positioning on 16yd h...

hi there I'm using 4-4-2 and on sometimes 3-1-4-2 with a lower level hockey team.I've chosen this over other formations, simply because the hockey experience and ability of my players is not of a high level (and most people have an approximate understanding of 442). Also, I believe that one must choose a formation based on players traits and what they can deliver. For example, I'd ideally prefer to have 3 forwards, to help with more height and width but then would have to either play 3 in the middle or 3 at the back... and my player strengths don't permit this. In short, I simply don't believe I have a strong enough CH / CM to handle 3 in the middle and I'm not convinced that the off-the-ball support from other players is strong enough to allow 3 in the middle. OFFENSIVE PLAYS Anyway, I'm not 100% where to get my centre mids to stand when we have a 16 yd hit to take (i.e. our possession). Obviously one of the CMs comes deep to offer a potential direct outlet from the centre backs or offer an overload option if the ball goes out to the sides (which is more likely, since I've pretty much banned the high risk play of releasing up the middle - we've had far too many turnovers in our final third or quarter because we tried to play up the middle). My players are 'aware' of posting up and leading runs. However, I'm not sure about the 2nd CM. On the one hand I'd ideally like the 2nd CM to come deep as well, in order to potentially help break up the opposition press but by doing so, I distort the midfield and if we do manage to get the ball to one of the CMs, he won't have the 2nd CM in a higher position to release to, etc. DEFENSIVE POSITIONING Can someone suggest, again, about midfield positioning using 4-4-2 or 3-1-4-2, when we are setting up a general press? I have traditionally encouraged man marking, simply because our general positional awareness is weak (which makes zonal play a no-no IMO) + our tracking and attitude to committed defending (i.e. you don’t give up if one tackle fails) could be better! However, looking at suggested presses on Sportplan, some zonal positioning seems a necessity and I think if I can help my players make the step, success will come because they've been forced to become more aware of their pitch positioning, etc. Also, looking at some of the presses, it looks like the midfield can go 'flat' to create a barrier... and as I encourage a diamond shape in midfield, I need to explain to my players what to do and when. Sorry for the wordy question. I hope this all makes sense. Regards, Gary

Gary Thompson Coach, England

Formation at tactics for playi...

I'm new to coaching, I have played at a high level for over 10 years. The team I'm coaching often has no goalie but has enough players. Looking for the best formation to play a full game with no goalie, we usually play a 3-4-3.

Craig LAwrence Coach, Canada

Tournament prep -building fitn...

I have just returned from coaching my first high school hockey tournament. It was great fun but the girls really felt it by the end of the tournament. I want to offer guidance in the form of a fitness build up to the girls for next season but am not sure what my expectations should be. How fit should you be looking to get if you are preparing to play 7 50min games over 5 days? And what types of fitness should I be suggesting? Sprinting and Intervals along with Swimming are things I feel that could be introduced. Ideally it needs to be accessable (not expensive or require special equipment), self managed (to an extent) and let it fit in with their daily rountine as best possible to give them the best chance to commit (i.e. I feel like suggesting they power walk to school rather than get dropped off will work better than asking them to join a gym to do the pelaton classes) Any ideas? Or things that have worked in the past?

Archived User Coach

Formation for 9-a-side full fi...

My girl's team is playing a 9 a side full field tournament. I'm thinking of a 3-4-1-keeper. I think the keeper neesd to stand high on the D and act as a sweeper. What are your thoughts?

Archived User Coach

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